James Van Blaricum

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james van blaricum - organic solvents

05/19/08 | by admin

| Categories: Announcements [A]

JAMES VAN BLARICUM

The use of certain organic solvents in gas and water injection wells may reduce the gas or water relative permeability and permanently reduce well production. The use of a water based acidizing system with good penetration would be preferred for such wells allowing much easier control over the wetting characteristics of the formation.( james van blaricum )

Killing a well - Filling bore with drilling mud of suitable density to stop flow of oil / gas.

james e van blaricum

Petroleum products - Gasoline, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, lubricating oils, petroleum jelly, and paraffin consist principally of mixtures of paraffin hydrocarbons, which range from lighter liquid members to solid members. james van blaricum

Blow-down - Condensate and gas produced simultaneously from outset of production.( signal oil & gas company )

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards now require a major reduction in the sulfur content of diesel fuels and emission levels from diesel engines and vehicles. To meet the EPA standards, the petroleum industry is producing Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel, a cleaner-burning diesel fuel containing a maximum of 15 parts-per-million (ppm) sulfur.

james van blaricum
Environmental controls - Put in place to meet or exceed legal requirements and to minimise impact on environment. james e van blaricum

In fact, associated hydrocarbons, known as ‘natural gas liquids’ (NGLs) can be very valuable by-products of natural gas processing. NGLs include ethane, propane, butane, iso-butane, and natural gasoline. These NGLs are sold separately and have a variety of different uses; including enhancing oil recovery in oil wells, providing raw materials for oil refineries or petrochemical plants, and as sources of energy.( james e van blaricum )

Emulsified acids may contain the acid as either the internal or the external phase. The former, which is more common, normally contains 10 to 30 percent hydrocarbon as the external phase and 15% hydrochloric acid as the internal phase. When acid is the external phase, the ratio of oil to acid is often about 2:1. Both the higher viscosity created by emulsification and the presence of the oil can retard the rate of acid transfer to the rock surface. This reduction in mass transfer rate, and its corresponding reduction in acid reaction rate, can increase the depth of acid penetration into the rock formation before the acid reacts with the rock or damaging material [2].

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Because acid is produced over a period of several hours or longer, acid fraccing treatments using Arcasolve™ may need to be performed in a different way to existing acid fraccing treatments. Fractures would need to be held open for at least several hours and possibly up to a day. The pad fluid used in conventional treatments would probably not be needed - Arcasolve™ would be injected directly. signal oil and gas company

Interstate pipelines are the ‘highways’ of natural gas transmission. Natural gas that is transported through interstate pipelines travels at high pressure in the pipeline, at pressures anywhere from 200 to 1500 pounds per square inch (psi). This reduces the volume of the natural gas being transported (by up to 600 times), as well as providing propellant force to move the natural gas through the pipeline. This section will cover the components of the interstate pipeline system, the construction of pipelines, and pipeline inspection and safety.( signal oil and gas company )

In undamaged formations even significant permeability increases over a 3 to 6 meter radius around the wellbore will result in less dramatic stimulation than achieved when removing damage. There is a practical limit of about a 50% increase in injectivity or productivity of undamaged oil or water wells which can be achieved using matrix stimulation.

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Reserves: Proven - Reserves which on available evidence are virtually certain to be technically and economically producible. signal oil & gas company

Jacket - Supporting (concrete base or steel legs) structure for an offshore installation.( james van blaricum )

Petroleum oily - flammable liquid that occurs naturally in deposits, usually beneath the surface of the earth; it is also called crude oil. It consists principally of a mixture of hydrocarbons , with traces of various nitrogenous and sulfurous compounds.

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Deep-Water Discovery - An offshore discovery located in at least 200 metres of water. signal oil & gas company

Discovery well - An exploratory well that finds hydrocarbons.( signal oil and gas company )

Once the pipe is welded, bent, and coated, it can be lowered into the previously dug trenches. This is done with specialized tracked construction equipment acting in tandem to lift the pipe relatively uniformly and lower it into the trench. Once lowered into the ground, the trench is filled in carefully, to ensure that the pipe and its coating do not incur damage. The last step in pipeline construction is the hydrostatic test. This consists of running water, at pressures higher than will be needed for natural gas transportation, through the entire length of the pipe. This serves as a test to ensure that the pipeline is strong enough, and absent of any leaks of fissures, before natural gas is pumped through the pipeline.

james e van blaricum
More recent factors are the strong U.S diesel demand, the relative unavailability of diesel imports, and the introduction of ultra-low sulfur diesel in 2006, which promises to improve air quality but costs more to manufacture. james e van blaricum

Flare Stack - Steel structure on an offshore installation or at a processing facility from which gas is flared.( signal oil & gas company )

Liner - Small diameter casing extending into producing layer from just inside bottom of final string of casing cemented in a well.

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Absorption occurs when the water vapor is taken out by a dehydrating agent. Adsorption occurs when the water vapor is condensed and collected on the surface. james van blaricum

With natural gas trapped under the earth in this fashion, it can be recovered by drilling a hole through the impermeable rock. Gas in these reservoirs is typically under pressure, allowing it to escape from the reservoir on its own.( james e van blaricum )

Precambrian - Rocks older than 600 million years. Earliest division of time for which rock strata are recognised.

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The hydrocarbon components are separated from each other by various refining processes. In a process called fractional distillation petroleum is heated and sent into a tower. The vapors of the different components condense on collectors at different heights in the tower. The separated fractions are then drawn from the collectors and further processed into various petroleum products. One of the many products of crude oil is a light substance with little color that is rich in gasoline . Another is a black tarry substance that is rich in asphalt . signal oil and gas company

Mercaptans - Strong-smelling compounds of carbon, hydrogen and sulphur found in oil and gas. Added to natural gas for safety reasons.( james van blaricum )

Subsea manifolds - Allows wells to be put on production without need to build a platform to operate and maintain wells.

james van blaricum

Throughout the 1990s, these factors and the low cost of natural gas helpedlead to increased investment in facilities using natural gas.For example, the vast majority of new electricity generationcapacity built in the United States in the past decade has beennatural gas-fired. However, for the last five to seven years, the price of natural gas has been trending upward . signal oil & gas company

Triassic - Period of geological time about 248 - 213 million years ago.( signal oil & gas company )

Petroleum Revenue Tax (PRT) - Applies to UK oil production and associated profits of licensees. Only to fields where Annex B consent was first given before 18 March 1993.

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Appraisal expenditure - Costs incurred in survey, exploitation and appraisal of licence areas not yet under development or in production. james van blaricum

Exploration well - Drilling to determine whether hydrocarbons are present.( james e van blaricum )

The final link in the chain is the retailer. A retailer may be a gasoline station or a home heating oil company. The story ends when you pump gasoline into your car’s tank, and the engine converts the gasoline’s heat energy into mechanical energy to make your car move!

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But there is another side–the U.S. oil industry does not prosper during periods of low oil prices. Oil industry workers lose their jobs, many small wells are permanently sealed, and the exploration for new oil sources drops off. signal oil and gas company

Olefins - Basic chemicals made from oil or natural gas liquids feed stocks; commonly used to manufacture plastics and gasoline. Examples are ethylene and propylene.( signal oil and gas company )

Throughout the 1990s, these factors and the low cost of natural gas helpedlead to increased investment in facilities using natural gas.For example, the vast majority of new electricity generationcapacity built in the United States in the past decade has beennatural gas-fired. However, for the last five to seven years, the price of natural gas has been trending upward .

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Operator - Company which operates a Licence, either on its own behalf, or, if a member of a consortium, on behalf of Licensees. Takes primary responsibility for day-to-day operations for an activity (exploration, development or production). james e van blaricum

Slug catcher - Plant installed in a gas pipeline system to catch unwanted “slugs” of liquid.( james e van blaricum )

Trap - Geological structure in which hydrocarbons build up to from an oil or gas field.

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A new innovation in this process has been the addition of flash tank separator-condensers. As well as absorbing water from the wet gas stream, the glycol solution occasionally carries with it small amounts of methane and other compounds found in the wet gas. In the past, this methane was simply vented out of the boiler. In addition to losing a portion of the natural gas that was extracted, this venting contributes to air pollution and the greenhouse effect. In order to decrease the amount of methane and other compounds that are lost, flash tank separator-condensers work to remove these compounds before the glycol solution reaches the boiler. Essentially, a flash tank separator consists of a device that reduces the pressure of the glycol solution stream, allowing the methane and other hydrocarbons to vaporize (’flash’). The glycol solution then travels to the boiler, which may also be fitted with air or water cooled condensers, which serve to capture any remaining organic compounds that may remain in the glycol solution. In practice, according to the Department of Energy’s Office of Fossil Energy, these systems have been shown to recover 90 to 99 percent of methane that would otherwise be flared into the atmosphere. james e van blaricum

Horizontal Drilling - Technique for cutting a bore hole in geological strata in a horizontal, rather than normal vertical, direction. (see also Horizontal well)( signal oil & gas company )

Still, there are more steps we can take to help ensure our energy security. Depending on whom you talk to–whether an oil company representative or an environmentalist–opinions vary on the one or more steps we should take. Some experts believe we should decrease our demand for oil through increased conservation. Others say we should increase oil production and exploration in the United States, particularly in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in northern Alaska. Still others say we should use alternative fuels, especially for transportation. Some experts believe will need to do all three to dodge another big oil crisis.

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Use of oil-external emulsified acids may be limited by the increased frictional resistance to flow of these fluids down well tubulars. james van blaricum

Value Added Tax (VAT) - Introduced at 8% on UK domestic fuel and power in April 1994.( james van blaricum )

The casing head consists of heavy fittings that provide a seal between the casing and the surface. The casing head also serves to support the entire length of casing that is run all the way down the well. This piece of equipment typically contains a gripping mechanism that ensures a tight seal between the head and the casing itself.

james e van blaricum

Multiple zone completion is the practice of completing a well such that hydrocarbons from two or more formations may be produced simultaneously, without mixing with each other. For example, a well may be drilled that passes through a number of formations on its way deeper underground, or alternately, it may be efficient in a horizontal well to add multiple completions to drain the formation most effectively. Although it is common to separate multiple completions so that the fluids from the different formations do not intermingle, the complexity of achieving complete separation is often a barrier. In some instances, the different formations being drilled are close enough in nature to allow fluids to intermingle in the well hole. When it is necessary to separate different completions, hard rubber ‘packing’ instruments are used to maintain separation. signal oil and gas company

Stratigraphic traps - Originate where suitable combination of rock types is deposited in a particular environment.( signal oil and gas company )

HCl is particularly corrosive to steel, aluminium or chromium plated equipment which are components of many pumps. Expensive corrosion inhibitors need to be used in these circumstances. This cost becomes very significant when treating formations at higher temperatures due to the requirement for higher doses of corrosion inhibitor. Corrosion inhibitors are not required with Arcasolve™.

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Absorption occurs when the water vapor is taken out by a dehydrating agent. Adsorption occurs when the water vapor is condensed and collected on the surface. signal oil & gas company

james van blaricum

05/15/08 | by admin

| Categories: Announcements [A]

JAMES E. VAN BLARICUM

We count on our cars to get us where we want to go, when we want to go. That sense of freedom is important to us, but we also want to be sure we do our best to conserve natural resources for future generations.

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We cannot use crude oil in the state it’s in when it comes out of the ground. The process is a little more complicated than that. So, how does thick, black crude oil come out of the ground and eventually get into your car as a thin, amber-colored liquid called gasoline? Let’s find out.

Although acetic acid reacts more slowly than HCl, the reaction is still sufficiently rapid to give the problems summarized in section 2. In contrast, generation of acetic acid in-situ using Arcasolve™ allows acid to be delivered much deeper into the formation and better placement of acid along extended well-bores. Arcasolve is therefore more effective, and offers a much higher degree of control of acidizing than acid formulations based on acetic acid or other organic acids.

In addition to this physically unrecoverable gas, underground storage facilities contain what is known as ‘base gas’ or ‘cushion gas’. This is the volume of gas that must remain in the storage facility to provide the required pressurization to extract the remaining gas. In the normal operation of the storage facility, this cushion gas remains underground; however a portion of it may be extracted using specialized compression equipment at the wellhead.(james e van blaricum)

Petroleum is called a nonrenewable energy source because it takes millions of years to form. We cannot make new petroleum reserves.

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Ideally the best acid system for fracturing is one that only etches the fracture face by dissolution and leaks off into the formation mainly by diffusion . It is also very desirable to be able to obtain deep penetration along fractures without resorting to the use of high viscosity components. Arcasolve™ has these characteristics.

Matrix acidizing was the initial application for Arcasolve™. The permeability of carbonate rock formations is increased over a 10 to 20 foot radius around the wellbore, by placing the fluid and allowing the produced acid to dissolve a portion of the rock. Increase in the permeability allows a greater rate of production of oil or gas (or greater rate of injection of fluids in the case of injector wells used for pressure maintenance).

(james e van blaricum)

Refineries have another job. They remove contaminants from the oil. A refinery removes sulfur from gasoline, for example, to increase its efficiency and to reduce air pollution.

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In order to more fully understand the nature of the well, a potential test is typically run in the early days of production. This test allows well engineers to determine the maximum amount of natural gas that the well can produce in a 24 hour period. From this, and other knowledge of the formation, the engineer may make an estimation on what the MER, or ‘most efficient recovery rate’ will be. The MER is the rate at which the greatest amount of natural gas may be extracted without harming the formation itself. Another important aspect of producing wells is the ‘decline rate’. When a well is first drilled, the formation is under pressure and produces natural gas at a very high rate. However, as more and more natural gas is extracted from the formation, the production rate of the well decreases. This is known as the decline rate. Certain techniques, including lifting equipment and well stimulation, can increase the production rate of a well.

After the crude oil has reached the refinery, huge round tanks store the oil until it is ready to be processed. Tank farms are sites with many storage tanks.

Absorption occurs when the water vapor is taken out by a dehydrating agent. Adsorption occurs when the water vapor is condensed and collected on the surface.(james e van blaricum)

Salt cavern storage facilities are primarily located along the Gulf Coast, as well as in the northern states, and are best suited for peak load storage. Salt caverns are typically much smaller than depleted gas reservoirs and aquifers, in fact underground salt caverns usually take up only one one-hundredth of the acreage taken up by a depleted gas reservoir. As such, salt caverns cannot hold the volume of gas necessary to meet base load storage requirements. However, deliverability from salt caverns is typically much higher than for either aquifers or depleted reservoirs. Therefore natural gas stored in a salt cavern may be more readily (and quickly) withdrawn, and caverns may be replenished with natural gas more quickly than in either of the other types of storage facilities. Moreover, salt caverns can readily begin flowing gas on as little as one hour’s notice, which is useful in emergency situations or during unexpected short term demand surges. Salt caverns may also be replenished more quickly than other types of underground storage facilities.

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A number of different acids are used in conventional acidizing treatments, the most common are: · Hydrochloric, HCl · Hydrofluoric, HF · Acetic, CH3COOH · Formic, HCOOH

Open hole completions are the most basic type and are only used in very competent formations, which are unlikely to cave in. An open hole completion consists of simply running the casing directly down into the formation, leaving the end of the piping open, without any other protective filter. Very often, this type of completion is used on formations that have been treated with hydraulic of acid fracturing.

The U.S. has taken some steps to prevent another big oil crisis. For one thing, the U.S. has almost a three-month supply of oil tucked away in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). Established in 1975, the SPR is only to be tapped during an energy emergency. The SPR was first used in January 1991, during the Persian Gulf Crisis.(signal oil and gas)

Natural gas can be measured in a number of different ways. As a gas, it can be measured by the volume it takes up at normal temperatures and pressures, commonly expressed in cubic feet. Production and distribution companies commonly measure natural gas in thousands of cubic feet (Mcf), millions of cubic feet (MMcf), or trillions of cubic feet (Tcf). While measuring by volume is useful, natural gas can also be measured as a source of energy. Like other forms of energy, natural gas is commonly measured and expressed in British thermal units (Btu). One Btu is the amount of natural gas that will produce enough energy to heat one pound of water by one degree at normal pressure. To give an idea, one cubic foot of natural gas contains about 1,027 Btus. When natural gas is delivered to a residence, it is measured by the gas utility in ‘therms’ for billing purposes. A therm is equivalent to 100,000 Btu’s, or just over 97 cubic feet, of natural gas.

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Many oil-producing nations in the Middle East and Latin America have set up their own refining operations since the 1970s, and state-owned oil companies in OPEC countries are now among the world’s largest. Many large oil companies have diversified into chemicals, and oil prices are increasingly set on commodity trading exchanges such as the New York Mercantile Exchange. Beginning in the late 1990s, the industry saw increased consolidation as already large oil companies merged with each other, including Exxon (the largest U.S. oil company) with Mobil (the second largest; forming ExxonMobil), Chevron with Texaco and Unocal as Chevron, British Petroleum with Amoco and ARCO as BP, and Conoco with Phillips Petroleum as ConocoPhillips.

Companies called “jobbers” handle the wholesale distribution of oil. There are 15,000 jobbers in the U.S., and they sell just about everything that comes out of a barrel of crude oil. Jobbers fill bulk orders for petroleum products from gasoline stations, industries, utility companies, farmers, and so on.

The Upstream Segment involves the exploration and production of oil and natural gas, from cutting-edge geology to high-tech offshore drilling platforms. The U.S. is the world’s third-largest petroleum producer, with more than 500,000 producing wells and approximately 4,000 oil and natural gas platforms operating in U.S. waters. Combined, they produce almost 2 billion barrels of oil a year!(signal oil and gas company)

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Signal Oil and Gas

05/10/08 | by admin

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James Van Blaricum from Signal Oil and Gas is in Oil and Gas Industry

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Signal Oil and Gas - Angola 40 companies

05/10/08 | by admin

| Categories: Announcements [A]

Signal Oil and Gas - Angola prequalifies 40 companies for licensing round

Signal Oil and Gas and Jim Van Blaricum Angola has prequalified 40 oil companies under its latest licensing round, which lists 10 blocks as available, Syanga Abilio, vice-president of Sonangol, told OGJ in an exclusive interview May 6 at the Offshore Technology Conference in Houston. Signal Oil and Gas

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James Van Blaricum - the successful candidates include majors Royal Dutch Shell PLC and ExxonMobil Corp., independent oil companies, and private Angolan firms. As so many Angolan companies have applied for licensing permits, the government needs more time to evaluate them, Abilio said. So the country has postponed the Mar. 13 deadline by which companies had to submit proposals for blocks. “A new deadline has not yet been given, but we plan to announce that shortly,” Abilio said.

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About 200 companies participated in the licensing round, which offers both deepwater and ultradeepwater blocks. “We don’t know what kind of interest the prequalified companies had in the blocks as they had not yet given us a plan for the ones that they wanted,” Abilio said. Signal Oil and Gas

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The government invited companies to bid for onshore blocks Cabinda Centro in the Cabinda Centra basin and KON11 and KON12 in the Kwanza basin. In shallow water, Block 9 was offered. Three blocks, 19, 20, and 21, were in deep water, and Blocks 46, 47, and 48 were in ultradeep water. Signal Oil and Gas - James Van Blaricum

Angola’s recent admission into the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries should not dissuade potential investors from coming to the country, Abilio said. “We joined the institution that works to protect price and it was important to be part of that; we were an observer at OPEC for a long time. We have a quota of 1.9 million b/d but that does not bind us on further exploration and production. We had our oil infrastructure destroyed during our civil war and there is nothing to fear with future investment.”

Sonangol aims to become a fully integrated company across the petroleum value chain by 2010. It has bought a 20% stake in Societe Ivoirienne de Raffinage’s 64,000 b/d refinery at Vridi, Abidjan, in Ivory Coast. Abilio declined to give the value of the investment.

“We are also building a new refinery in Lobito, Angola, which will cost about $7 billion,” he said, adding, “It will have a 200,000 b/d capacity and we may seek technical partners in the future. For now, we are doing the project by ourselves.” Signal Oil and Gas

Sonangol had originally planned to develop the refinery with China’s Sinopec but talks broke down last year following disagreement on what products the refinery would make. It will process heavy acidic oil (such as Kuito and Dalia) and will have a high conversion with crude, vacuum, fluid cracking, and delayed coking units. Construction of the refinery will start by yearend and operations in 2010. James Van Blaricum

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