September 30th
Welcome to James Van Blaricum Website!
Oil Taxation Act - Came into force in 1975, introducing PRT
Carbon - Atomic number is 6; element is in group 14 (or IVa) of periodic table. Carbon content of a hydrocarbon determines, to a degree, hydrocarbon’s burning characteristics and qualities. company
Casing - Steel lining used to exclude unwanted fluids; control well pressures; support sides of well bore. Casing Seat - lowest point at which casing is set. Casing head - top of casing set in well; part of casing that protrudes above surface and to which control valves and flow pipes are attached.
Reservoir - Subsurface, porous, permeable rock formation in which hydrocarbons are present.
The One Call Program - All of the states have instituted what is known as a ‘one call’ program, which provides excavators, construction crews, and anyone interested in digging into the ground around a pipeline with a single phone number that may be called when any excavation activity is planned. This call alerts the pipeline company, which may flag the area, or even send representatives to monitor the digging.
Underground natural gas storage fields grew in popularity shortly after World War II. At the time, the natural gas industry noted that seasonal demand increases could not feasibly be met by pipeline delivery alone. In order to meet seasonal demand increases, the deliverability of pipelines (and thus their size), would have to increase dramatically. However, the technology required to construct such large pipelines to consuming regions was, at the time, unattainable and unfeasible. In order to be able to meet seasonal demand increases, underground storage fields were the only option.
In addition to processing done at the wellhead and at centralized processing plants, some final processing is also sometimes accomplished at ’straddle extraction plants’. These plants are located on major pipeline systems. Although the natural gas that arrives at these straddle extraction plants is already of pipeline quality, in certain instances there still exist small quantities of NGLs, which are extracted at the straddle plants.
Preventative Maintenance - This involves the testing of valves and the removal of surface impediments to pipeline inspection.
Liner strings are sometimes used instead of intermediate casing. Liner strings are commonly run from the bottom of another type of casing to the open well area. However, liner strings are usually just attached to the previous casing with ‘hangers’, instead of being cemented into place. This type of casing is thus less permanent than intermediate casing.
Natural gas is usually stored underground, in large storage reservoirs. There are three main types of underground storage: depleted gas reservoirs, aquifers, and salt caverns. In addition to underground storage, however, natural gas can be stored as liquefied natural gas (LNG). LNG allows natural gas to be shipped and stored in liquid form, meaning it takes up much less space than gaseous natural gas.
Use of oil external emulsified acids may be limited by the increased frictional resistance to flow of these fluids down well tubulars .The presence of surfactants in the acidizing fluid, to produce the emulsion, can affect the wetting characteristics of the rock formation i.e. change a water wet rock surface into an oil wet surface. This can necessitate remedial post acidizing treatments to restore the rock surface to a water wet state if successful oil production is to be attained.
After processing at the refinery, gasoline and other petroleum products are usually shipped out through pipelines. There are about 230,000 miles of pipeline in the United States. Pipelines are the safest and cheapest way to move large quantities of petroleum across land. Pump stations, which are spaced 20 to 100 miles apart along the underground pipelines, keep the petroleum products moving at around five miles per hour. At this rate, it takes 15 days to move a shipment of gasoline from Houston, Texas to New York City.
The hydrocarbon components are separated from each other by various refining processes. In a process called fractional distillation petroleum is heated and sent into a tower. The vapors of the different components condense on collectors at different heights in the tower. The separated fractions are then drawn from the collectors and further processed into various petroleum products. One of the many products of crude oil is a light substance with little color that is rich in gasoline . Another is a black tarry substance that is rich in asphalt .
Since World War II, petroleum has replaced coal as the United States’ leading source of energy. Petroleum supplies more than 39 percent of the energy used in the United States. (Coal supplies 22 percent of our energy needs, and natural gas supplies 23 percent.)
Arcasolve can evenly remove near wellbore damage along long intervals. It can also treat damage deep in the formation including sandstone reservoirs with deep carbonate scale, with potential for significant production improvements.
